Vulnerability Issues In A Case Study Social Work Essay

Vulnerability Issues In A Case Study Social Work Essay The purpose of this assessment is to identify and discuss the vulnerability issues arising from the scenario. Peter is a vulnerable adult and inclined to be forgetful therefore, reference will be made to the nursing and Midwifery Councils code of professional conduct in respect of duty of care, safety, respecting clients dignity, confidentiality, and consent to accept or refuse treatment. This case scenario is not a real client, therefore no consent was needed and no breach of confidence was made. An attempt will be made to explore whether Peter has the mental capacity to consent to the treatment himself. Guidelines on The Mental Health Act 2005 and the legislation will be included to support this. A discussion will be outlined to the nurses role in safeguarding vulnerable patients and their families, which will include the governments policies and procedures, and the Nursing and Midwiferys Council guidelines. The discussion will also include the consequences of the policies not bein g followed correctly and the outcome that would have on the nurse. The key vulnerability issues relating to Peter and his daughter within the scenario will be identified such as Peters age and his forgetfulness. This assignment will contain the major role and responsibilities of a nurse in terms of ensuring that the rights of Peter are promoted and maintained and will be specifically around him not to be treated in a degrading manner. Autonomy and advocacy, and the interventions which are available to support Peter for his security to be assured and him needing confidence to increase his mobility. The Human Rights Act (2008) refers to individuals rights to make decisions for himself and not to be discriminated against. Peter has a specific right of expression of thought and conscience to accept or refuse care. The assignment criteria require students to explain how Peters autonomy may be promoted by the nurse to gain the ability to make his own decision, including patient-centred care and acting as an advocate. A final requirement of students is to specify and justify appropriate professional behaviour and interventions for Peter. Reference will be made to therapeutic relationships between t he nurse and Peter, highlighting the support the nurse should give to the patient and his family, and to discuss the importance of maintaining professional boundaries. The multi-disciplinary team will also have to assess Peters home to see if there were any adjustments needed to support him further with his mobility. Peter would also need further extensive health services if he agrees to go ahead with the surgery. The paper is presented in accordance in line with the Universitys academic guidelines presented as appendix 7 in the Student Handbook 2010. References will also be citied in line with the Universitys own version of the Harvard referencing system. Main Body Vulnerability Section 1 According to Rogers 1997, vulnerability is Liable to damage or harm, especially from aggression or attack. Vulnerability is when a person is put into a situation where they are not familiar with, which makes them feel uncomfortable. A vulnerable adult is anyone over the age of 18 who is unable to protect themselves against harm or exploitation. The types of people who may be particularly vulnerable are children, the elderly, adults with visual, hearing or speech impairment. Other types of vulnerable adults include those with learning disabilities, mental health problems or a severe physical illness. People who require care services may have an increase in their vulnerability as they are entering a new environment with unfamiliar surroundings. Another factor could be their age and if they are unable to take care of themselves. Therefore, they are not in control of the situation and could become fully dependant on a nurse to care for them which to the patient increases their risk of becoming vulnerable. Peter is particularly vulnerable due to him being 85 years old and inclined to be forgetful, also the fact his daughter is trying to force Peters decision in going ahead with the surgery yet he is no longer certain he wants too. Abuse is a violation of an individuals human and civil rights by any other person or persons (Department of Health, Pg 9). Abuse can consist of a single act or repeated acts. It may be verbal, physical or psychological; it may be an act of neglect or an omission to act. It may occur when a vulnerable person is persuaded to enter into a financial or sexual transaction to which he or she has not consented, or cannot consent. Abuse can occur in any relationship and may result in significant harm to, or exploitation of the person subjected to it. A nurses most important responsibility is to the client first. The NMC (2008), states that Nurses have an absolute duty to safeguard and protect vulnerable adults from harm. The responsibility of a nurse is to promote health, prevent illness, restore health and alleviate suffering. A nurse should take appropriate action to safeguard the individual when their care is endangered by a co-worker or anyone else. Nurses have a right but also a responsibility to act on behalf of the client if they feel he or she is being mistreated. Registered nurses hold a position of trust to the client and this must never be breached, they should also maintain professional relationships with vulnerable clients at all times. A nurse not only has a professional duty to protect vulnerable clients, but also a legal responsibility. If a nurse failed to comply with legal obligations they could be struck off the NMC register, but also it could be classed as a criminal offence. The Independent Safeguarding Authority is a government policy which helps to prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable adults. They assess those individuals working or wishing to work in regulated activity that are referred to them on the grounds that they pose a possible risk of harm to vulnerable groups. The Government ensures the safety of vulnerable adults by integrating strategies, policies and services relevant to abuse within the framework of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, and the Mental Health Act 1983. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 and Code of Practice is another vitally important piece of legislation setup by the government. The Code of Practice provides guidance and support to anyone who is working with or caring for adults who may lack a decision making capacity. This includes professionals, carers and families who know the person best. It focuses on those who have a duty of care to someone who may lack the capacity to agree to the care that is being provided. As the NMC (2008) states, You must disclose information if you believe someone may be at risk of harm, in line with the law of the country in which you are practising. Section 2 The key vulnerability issues relating to Peter is that he is an elderly client of 85 years. He has not yet consented to the treatment as he is feeling apprehensive as there are major risks associated with the procedure. His daughter is very keen for the surgery to go ahead and Peter is seeking help from the nurse as he obviously feels he cannot discuss his fears with his daughter. Section 3 Article 3 in the Human Rights Act states no one shall be tortured, or suffer inhuman or degrading treating or punishment. Although there is no absolute right to receive care in the UK, all patients have certain rights in their dealings with health care professionals. In 1995, the government issued the patients charter to inform clients of their rights, it is designed to improve the services people receive and it lays down the level of care that people can expect from the National Health Service. The charter was made public so that clients know the standards they should expect, they can take steps to complain and have things put right if the standards are not met. Clients rights include the right to make their own decisions about their own lives and the right to be given appropriate information to make informed decisions. The right to privacy and confidentiality and to be given appropriate assistance in exercising their rights, when they are unable to themselves, such as having an advocate available. Clients also have the right to freedom from exploitative and abusive practice, and the right to have personal beliefs, preferences and choices including religion, culture and political beliefs. Peter should expect the nurse to maintain his rights by having his dignity and privacy maintained while care is being given. The right to be included when making his care plan, the right to accept or refuse treatment, and for his patient information to be kept confidential. Also as Peter asked the nurse to help him make the decision and due to him being vulnerable and inclined to be forgetful, the nurse should act as Peters advocate for him if needed. As the NMC (2008) states: You must uphold peoples rights to be fully involved in decisions about their care. Accountability Accountability is based on three conditions including ability, responsibility and authority. Nurses hold a position of responsibility and to promote efficiency and safety as other people rely on them. They are professionally accountable to the NMC and to the law for their actions. Nurses use their professional judgement, knowledge and skills to make a decision based on evidence for best practice and for the clients best interests. Nurses need to be able to justify the decisions they make. If you are a professional in charge of a task you can be called by law to account what happened, especially if something goes wrong. This is because if a nurse performs a task, they immediately take responsibility for that task and its outcomes As a professional, you are personally accountable for actions and omissions in your practice, and must always be able to justify your decisions (NMC, 2008). Duty of care Any health care professional who undertakes the care of a client owes them a duty of care. A nurses duty of care includes managing risk appropriately, work effectively as part of a team, share information with colleagues and delegate effectively. Treat people as individuals and respect their dignity and confidentiality. Nurses should also need to ensure they gain consent, maintain clear professional boundaries, and collaborate with those in your care. Confidentiality The most essential element to confidentiality is it must be built on trust. The nurses need to know that the client trusts them but also that they trust the nurses professional judgement, knowledge and skills. It is also essential that the nurse feels the client will inform the nurse all that is necessary to deliver the most appropriate care. Confidentiality is an integral component of the nurse-patient relationship and a fundamental element of professional conduct and ethical practice. Sharing information with other professionals can only be done on a strict need to know basis, and patient confidentiality can only be breached in exceptional circumstances. Nurses must maintain confidence and respect the privacy of a patients health information at all times. Professionals must only disclose confidential information with consent from the client, if they are required to by the court of law or where they can justify that it was in the publics interest. Section 4 Autonomy Autonomy is about independence and the freedom to choose, and about not being coerced into doing something one would not otherwise choose to do. Autonomy has been defined as the power of self-determination and freedom from alien domination and constraint (Smith, 1967). Autonomy involves clients making choices for themselves. As a nurse you should actively encourage clients to be involved in the decision making process and ensure that their voice is heard. Respecting clients autonomy means to treat them as a person with rights and not as objects of care. This mainly involves discussing their care and treatment with them in an open and honest way and allowing them to make their own decision about what care they want to receive. For a nurse to be able to promote clients autonomy there has to be a relationship and effective communication between them and the client. If their autonomy is to be respected, then nurses have to allow clients to make decisions and then act upon them. According to (Hendrick, 2004, pg 95) autonomy is defined as The capacity to make reasoned decisions, the ability to think for oneself, to make decisions for oneself and to act on the basis of such thought. Patient-centred care includes all aspects of how services are delivered to our clients. This includes compassion, empathy, values, preferences and responding to all their needs. A nurse should be delivering this care at all times and make sure they are giving the patient all the information available, communicating to them at all times and educating them about their care and how processes and procedures work, using as little jargon as possible. Emotional support should be provided to help relieve clients fears and anxieties as this can be important to a therapeutic relationship. Advocacy Promoting and protecting the interest of people in your care, many of whom will be vulnerable and incapable of protecting their own interest (NMC, 2008). Advocacy is about acting on behalf of the client in a professional capacity who cannot speak themselves. Anyone could potentially need an advocate as any client may feel vulnerable as they are in unfamiliar surroundings. An advocate is acting as an intermediary between clients and family, significant others, and health care providers. It is a role of support for clients, both speaking and emotionally. As a nurse you have a duty of care to encourage the client to participate or if they cannot speak for themselves then nurses should become that persons advocate by putting their needs and views forward, and to ensure their rights are promoted. You must act as an advocate for those in your care, helping them to access relevant health and social care, information and support (NMC, 2008). Consent Valid consent must be given by a competent person and must be given voluntarily. Nurses have three professional responsibilities with regard to obtaining consent. They need to make the care of people their first concern and ensure they gain consent before they begin any treatment or care, ensure that the process of establishing consent is transparent and demonstrate a clear level of professional accountability. After they have obtained consent they need to accurately record all discussions and decisions relating to obtaining consent. Every adult must be presumed to have the mental capacity to consent or refuse treatment, unless an assessment reveals they lack the capacity to consent (NMC, 2008). When a nurse needs to inform a client about proposed treatment or care it is important that they deliver the information in an understanding and sensitive way. It is essential that they are given sufficient information for them to make a decision whether to accept or refuse the treatment being offered. Nurses should also give the client enough time to consider the information and the opportunity to ask questions if they need too. Nurses should not assume that clients know even basic medical information and should explain every aspect with as little jargon as possible in order for the client to make their choice. There are three different types of consent including verbally, implied and written. Clients can express their agreement by either of these forms. With Peters surgery includes risks associated his agreement should be made by written consent. Written consent is a document which shows the patients choice and that discussions have taken place between them and a professional. There can sometimes be difficulties with gaining consent. There are particular vulnerable groups such as older people, people with mental health problems, people with learning difficulties and children. Nurses need to keep these vulnerable groups at the centre of the decision making process. As Peter is a vulnerable elderly client he is weaker and inclined to be forgetful, therefore an assessment would need to be carried out by a nurse of doctor to assess his mental capacity; professionals should always presume that older people are able to make decisions. In the same way a client can accept treatment, they can also make the choice to refuse treatment, even if this may harm them or cause death. Nurses should find out why they are refusing and then the consequences of declining the treatment and what will happen to their health if they dont go ahead. If this happens it is important that you honour their rights and wishes and document fully any decisions made to refuse, and clearly record that this is the clients choice. You must be aware of the legislation regarding mental capacity, ensuring that people who lack capacity remain at the centre of decision making and are full safeguarded (NMC, 2008). The Mental Capacity Act 2005 provides a statutory framework to empower and protect people who may lack the mental capacity to make an informed decision for themselves. The Act is underpinned by five main principles, the first one being that everyone is assumed to have the mental capacity to make a decision until proven otherwise. Every individual needs to be supported to make a decision and if a person makes what seems like an unwise decision, they should not be treated as lacking capacity. Section 5-last bit In order for a nurse to develop a therapeutic relationship with a client there must be effective communication involved. The very best of care is only achieved if the nurse is committed to getting to know the client in there care through effective assessment as individuals. This involves finding out how best to care for and communicate with them from their perspective, whilst ensuring respect, dignity and fairness are maintained.

Intel Core I7 Essay

Intel made some dramatic changes in the Nehalem microarchitecture in order to offer new features and capacity in the core i7 family processors. In the coming paragraph we will explore the details of some features and their influence on control and measurement application. Intel moved the memory controller and PCI Express controller from the northbridge to the CPU die, in order to reduce the number of external databus . These changes increase data-throughput and reduce the latency for memory and PCI Express data transactions. (Figure 1) Intel inserts a distributed shared memory architecture using Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI). QPI is the new point-to-point interconnects for connecting a CPU to either a chipset or another CPU. Intel’s decisions have more significant impact for multiprocessor systems. These improvements make the Core i7 family of processors ideal for test and measurement applications such as high-speed design validation and high-speed data record and playback. CPU Performance Boost via Intel Turbo Boost Technology To provide a good performance and to optimize the processor power consumption, Intel introduced a new feature called Intel Turbo Boost. Intel Turbo Boost is a new feature that automatically allows active processor cores to run faster than the operating frequency when certain conditions are met. Intel Turbo Boost is activated when the operating system requests the highest processor performance state. The maximum frequency of the specific processing core on the Core i7 processor is dependent on the number of active cores, and the amount of time the processor spends in the Turbo Boost state depends on the workload and operating environment. Figure 3. Intel Turbo Boost features offer processing performance gains for all applications regardless of the number of execution threads created. Figure 3 illustrates how the operating frequencies of the processing cores in the quad-core Core i7 processor change to offer the best performance for a specific workload type. In an idle state, all four cores operate at their base clock frequency. If an application that creates four discrete execution threads is initiated, then all four processing cores start operating at the quad-core turbo frequency. If the application creates only two execution threads, then two idle cores are put in a low-power state and their power is diverted to the two active cores to allow them to run at an even higher clock frequency. Similar behavior would apply in the case where the applications generate only a single execution thread.

Visual Rhetoric Essay Samples Owl - What Is It?

Visual Rhetoric Essay Samples Owl - What Is It? Visual Rhetoric Essay Samples Owl - What Is It? When somebody references visual rhetoric it may appear obvious to think they're speaking about the way in which images are manipulated to alter somebody's perception. Additional their visual interest Ethos is apparently relatively the same. The visual imagery and the words aren't misleading at all. Also, keep an eye out for contexts where the visual is utilized to make or support an argument of some kind. Moreover, readers can differentiate various parts of the text. The conclusion ought to be strong and clear. You should study 10 or more advertisements. The reasons could possibly be absolutely different. Visual Rhetoric Essay Samples Owl - What Is It? A good example of amazing work completed by our writers Visual rhetoric analysis denotes the scenario, where the individual attempts to persuade the audience by employing a variety of images to influence its perspective. Before starting to compose a visual analysis essay, you ought to carefully study the artwork for a great quantity of time. Don't forget, the main thing you've got to keep to in your essay is attempting to make your readers interested. The observations you have chosen are those which will be discussed in the rhetorical analysis essay. Introduction is a rather important portion of the academic paper too. Utilizing Visual Rhetoric will help to earn a text or presentation more efficient. Study the image for your essay Rhetorical analysis essay assignments are primarily given to check your knowledge of various parts of work. Format Your paper is going to be 1000 words minimum and utilize MLA formatting. While structuring the essay, it is necessary a suitable thesis is chosen. Writing a rhetorical analysis outline template may look like an intimidating task. Essays term papers dissertations and a whole lot more. The Importance of Visual Rhetoric Essay Samples Owl Order top-notch essay at the moment and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at affordable price. Even though it is investigative in nature, it ought not be confused with research analysis. Keep in mind this type of analysis can take many forms, and of course needs to be taylored according to certain conditions and uses. Try to remember this is mainly an objective analysis. As you may have a look at the exact same details as you did in the Tufte section, here you're utilize McCloud to explore the method by which the image performs its cultural work with respect to visual design. Defining the purpose for a visual design will guarantee that the suitable message is articulated and leads to an effective reaction. 1 instance of visual rhetoric may be in the shape of a brochure promoting auto insurance to young drivers. Devote each paragraph to a specific strategy. It communicates with the rational portion of the mind. There are lots of ways to produce your final draft clear and totally free of mistakes in English. You might need to think about this as a story with a start, middle and end. Take a look at what you're wearing at the moment, for example. In organizing the observations, it is likewise important to attempt to set up the links between the many visual elements of the image. To this end you will pick a visual topic or icon that has been re curring in the media, producing a selection of representations. The sort of visual image, its genre, can differ based on the medium. On the flip side, you can also be asked to analyze the historical context of the image. The inventor of the visual image usually features an agenda. Another viewer might be a non-smoker, letting the anti-smoking message to function as a preventative. Ask yourself why the advertiser decided to use that specific picture. You must also incorporate a copy of your preferred image by means of your paper, or, in the event of web-based images, the specific web address required to observe the image. The decision to close the tab usually means that the site isn't appealing to the audience. Thus, the sender is suggested to observe the essence of the environmental surroundings and the condition of the audience when working on a visual presentation. Therefore, in order to persuade the audience, he or she must ensure that the presentation is clear and attractive.

The Mexican War and Manifest Destiny - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 972 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/17 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Manifest Destiny Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Mexican- American War from 1846 to 1848 helped to accomplish Americans belief in â€Å"Manifest Destiny†, the God-given right to assume control of the entire continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. When the Mexica-American war ended, through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo In 1848, America gained a vast amount of land including California, Texas, and other territories above the Rio Grande River. With new acquisition territory being introduced to the U.S many political and sectional divisions occur periodically, all circulating around the question of slavery.The Mexican-American war is a historical turning point, as political and sectional divisions abrupted as the question of whether America was a country of slavery or a country of freedom arose. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Mexican War and Manifest Destiny" essay for you Create order Which resulted in a decline of unity and one of Americas most deadly wars: the Civil War. After the Mexican War, the United States gained large parcels of the area in the region, including present time CA, AZ, and New Mexico. Although slavery had been an institution in America since before the revolutionary war, the labor issue which had not been at the forefront of public politics, came to big importance once again. The acquisition of Mexican territory spawned heated political debates over the question of slavery and the admission of the new territories into the union. The Goldrush, attracted vast amounts of migrants from all over, even from foreign countries such as Japan, with this new gained population California met all regulations to enter the union, and it would attempt to do so as a free state. This further infuriated the south, and the government needed a quick solution to the ease the tensions, in response, they proposed the compromise of 1850. This admitted CA as a free state, called for a stricter fugitive slave act, and ended the slave trade in D.C. Although the compromise may have postponed the Civil War, it was a temporary fix, that soon failed as more territories applied for the union. This is evident in the â€Å"Kansas and Nebraska Act† which ultimately led to â€Å"bleeding Kansas†. The government was incapable of creating an effective compromise, and the question over slavery divided the nation politically, as the increased debate over â€Å"free soil† and expansion of slavery occurred, as well as debates sur rounding the Wilmot Proviso. The changes of the party system, including the death of the Whigs in 1850, and the apparent rising of the Republican Party, created a dividing plane amongst political leaders in America. The North and the south were always different, in spite of failed attempts to industrialize the south, in â€Å"southern reconstruction†, the sectional tensions emerged from the question of slavery still persisted in Southern culture, and landscape. The North relied on textiles, manufactured through there vast industry, however, the south was much less developed and substantially agricultural: they depended on slave labor to survive. Thus, the south recognized abolition of slavery as a direct threat towards their survival. With the vast amount of acquired land from the Mexican-American War, whether the question of slavery should extend into these territories exploited. Northerners supported the Wilmot Proviso, which prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican- American War.However, Southerners continuously fought against the passage of the proviso. The division even grew violently, and even though for a few years after Compromise of 1850 when sectional conflicts seemed brief to have succeeded amid booming prosperity, but tensions between South and the north remained and burst into open in 1854. Northern opposition to the fugitive slave Act led to mobs preventing law enforcement, and divisions occurred when the North began to pass their own laws barring deportation of fugitive slaves. The Gadsen purchase only accentuated the sectional rivalry between pro-slavery; North and anti-slavery; South. Bleeding Kansas exemplifies violent divisions between the north and the south, as a group of Pro-slavery from Missouri, sacked Lawrence, burned the â€Å"governor’s† house and destroyed several printing presses; bleeding Kansas be came a symbol of sectional controversy. Through increased violence and different beliefs, the sectional tensions grew. Events such as when John Brown gathered six followers and murdered five pro-slavery settlers, known as the Pottawatomie Massacre, as well as the Harpers Ferry raid intensified tensions between the north and south, leading to the successions of the southern â€Å"fire-eaters†; SC, MS, FL, GA, LA, AL, and TX. In February 1861 representatives of succeeded states met at Montgomery, Alabama and formed the Confederate States of America. The north and the south were completely divided sections, into the Confederates and the Union, and two months later the civil war erupted, and it is evident to say that it began over the demand for the South to maintain and spread slavery into new land acquired. The questions of slavery haunted Americans and caused a nation division politically and sectionally. As the era of manifest destiny urged Americans to acquire land and achieving this goal through the Mexican-American War cost Americans their unity. The south and the north turned on one another, and although much changed and we are now united, somethings still remain different. Even today the south is very much different from the north. The south is not as dense population wise as compared to the north, the south is more rural, and the south has a different culture; with different accents and better access to guns than the north. This is very similar to the civil rights movement of the 1960s, while women and African Americans fought for social reforms. America experienced a drastic change, they added the 19th amendment, that gave women political status, and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, also known as the Civil War Amendments, were designed to ensure equality for recently freed slaves. Although all these changes were made African Americans today still face prejudice, and women in many parts of the world dont receive equal pay or education in comparison to men.